联合国卡托维兹气候大会当地时间15日晚在波兰卡托维兹闭幕。备受关注的气候变化《巴黎协定》实施细则在此次大会最后一刻得以通过。
UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres, executive secretary of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change Patricia Espinosa and UN special envoy for the 2019 climate summit Luis Alfonso de Alba attend a meeting with representatives of various NGO organisations before the final session of the COP24 UN Climate Change Conference 2018 in Katowice, Poland, Dec 14, 2018. [Photo/Agencies]
Negotiators from nearly 200 countries on Saturday agreed on a package of the implementation guidelines, or a common rulebook of the landmark 2015 Paris Agreement on climate change.
当地时间15日,近200个国家的谈判人员一致通过了2015年《巴黎协定》关于气候变化的一套实施细则。
本次大会通过的实施细则主要包括:
guidelines that will operationalize the transparency framework;
透明框架的实施原则;
how countries will provide information about their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) that describe their domestic climate actions;
各国在气候行动方面的自主贡献信息如何提供;
climate mitigation and adaptation measures as well as details of financial support for climate action in developing countries;
气候减缓与适应举措以及发展中国家气候行动方面的资金援助细则;
guidelines that relate to the process for establishing new targets on finance from 2025 onwards to follow-on from the current target of mobilizing 100 billion US dollars per year from 2020 to support developing countries;
2025年以后资金援助新目标的确立流程原则,目前制定的目标是从2020年起每年向发展中国家提供1000亿美元的资金援助;
how to assess progress on the development and transfer of technology to developing countries to help them adapt to climate challenges.
帮助发展中国家应对气候挑战的技术发展和迁移进度如何评估。
《巴黎协定》是什么?
《巴黎协定》(Paris Agreement)是在巴黎出席气候大会的195国谈判代表在2015年12月12日达成的历史上首个关于气候变化的全球性协定。
《巴黎协定》共29条,包括目标、减缓、适应、损失损害、资金、技术、能力建设、透明度、全球盘点等内容。2020年后,各国将以“国家自定贡献”(nationally determined contribution)的方式参与全球应对气候变化行动。
长远目标(the long-term goal):确保全球平均气温较前工业化水平升高控制在2摄氏度之内(make sure the global temperature rise to well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels),并为把升温控制在1.5摄氏度之内“付出努力”("pursue efforts" to limit the temperature rise to 1.5 degrees Celsius)。
减排目标(emissions targets):与会各方同意每隔5年重新设定各自的减排目标(set national targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions every five years)。目前已有180多个国家和地区提交了从2020年起始的五年期限内减排目标。
评估目标(reviewing targets): 与会各方今后4年内重新评估各自的减排目标,以便适时做出调整。
透明度(transparency):要求缔约方汇报各自的温室气体排放情况以及减排进展,但赋予发展中国家适度“弹性”(flexibility)。
资金(money): 要求发达国家继续向发展中国家提供资金援助,从而帮助后者减少
碳排放以及适应气候变化(wealthy countries should continue to offer financial support to help poor countries reduce their emissions and adapt to climate change)。
损失破坏(loss and damage):该协定 “承认”损失和破坏的内容,主要是针对由气候变化引发的灾难(recognizing "loss and damage" associated with climate-related disasters)。
(中国日报网英语点津 Helen)