全球气候变化问题形势严峻，尽管全球合作框架已经搭建起来，但具体条款的落实情况却不尽如人意，问题究竟如何解决？中国又应扮演什么角色？

温馨提示：建议在WiFi条件下播放视频

编导：范俏佳

主持人：袁小珊

嘉宾：绿色和平全球总干事 詹妮弗·摩根

詹妮弗·摩根，绿色和平全球总干事，达成《巴黎协定》的幕后推手。她从2016 年 4 月开始担任全球性环保组织绿色和平的全球总干事。在这之前，她曾经是世界自然基金会（WWF）、世界资源研究所（WRI）等机构的全球气候项目总监。

二十多年来，气候变化议题一直是她关注的焦点，她深入参与到《联合国气候变化框架公约》下的全球谈判，是现任联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会第五次评估报告的评审专家。就在今年，她被知名的政府间智库型网络Apolitical 评选为“全球气候政策影响力人物 TOP100 人”。

她所在的绿色和平组织，是全球知名的国际非政府组织。1971年，从加拿大温哥华开出了一艘挂有“绿色和平”条幅的渔船，这艘驶向美国阿姆奇特卡岛的渔船载着12个人，他们要用行动阻止美国在阿姆奇特卡岛的核试验。从一艘渔船出发，绿色和平逐渐成长为全球最有影响力的环保组织之一，它在全球55个国家和地区设有分部，在全球有超过300万的支持者。

精彩速递

袁小珊：

中国在全球环境保护中的角色是什么？有什么特殊性吗？

So what's the role of china in the global environment protections. What's our specific?

詹妮弗·摩根：

中国显然是全球最重要的参与者之一，因为它在世界舞台上如此重要的国家，同时它也是温室气体的主要排放者。我认为，特别是现在在特朗普政府时期，更多的人希望中国能够发挥领导作用，真正推动减少排放的创新型经济，以及可再生能源的发展。特别是对其他发展中国家而言，中国的行动，和中国与其他发展中国家合作的方式比以往任何时候都更重要。

China is clearly one of the most important players globally, both because it's such an important country on the world stage, and because it is a big contributor to greenhouse gas.So I think that especially now with the trump administration in place,  I think more people are looking to china to play a torch bearing role, to really drive an innovation based economy where emissions are reduced, and where renewable energy grows. And I think particularly for other developing countries, the way that china goes on how china partners with those countries is more important than ever.

当然，发展中国家会看到中国可再生能源的发展，煤炭使用量的减少，以及中国如何实现这些目标，这对印度尼西亚或一些非洲国家等发展中国家来说非常重要。甚至我会说，中国也可以为美国或欧洲的发达国家提供经验。

I mean I think looking at the growth of renewable energy here in china, looking at the reduction of coal and how china has achieved that is very relevant for places like indonesia or places in africa or you know, all across on the world. And even I would say, you know can provide lessons also for developed countries are back into europe and the united states as well.

袁小珊：

您能否更具体地说明发展中国家和发达国家，应根据自身不同情况，分别做出哪些努力？

Can you be more specific what kind of the efforts developing and developed countries should to make respectively based on their different situations?

詹妮弗·摩根：

当然。我认为《巴黎协定》所做的就是，全世界在整体上需要将碳排放量逐步减少到零，因为我们在气候变化上处于一个紧急状态。但很明显，不同国家有不同的责任。每个国家都要承担责任，但发达国家需要采取更快的行动。

Sure. I think what the paris agreement did was say, you know, basically as a world, we need to phase out emissions to zero, because we're in a climate emergency. but clearly, there are different responsibilities that are there. So every country has had some responsibility, but developed countries need to act more quickly. 

发展中国家需要更多的时间去逐步实现零排放，欧盟刚刚提出一项建议说，欧盟应当在2050年之前实现零排放的目标。 绿色和平组织提出的倡议是，欧盟在2040年之前达成目标，以便为发展中国家留出更多的时间。但要知道更快的行动对每个国家而言，都是有利的。

Developing countries would have a bit more time on that. or when they need to get to phasing out and going to zero emissions.  the european union has just put out a proposal that they get there by twenty fifty. Greenpeace is saying they need to be there earlier by twenty forty in order to allow developing countries a bit more time.  but the thing I think to know is that it's in every country's interest to move faster.

袁小珊：

你多次提到《巴黎协定》。你如何评价它实施的整体效果？

You mentioned paris agreement for many times. So what's your evaluation of the overall effect after five years?

詹妮弗·摩根：

我认为在整体效果上，第一，它是一个重大的转变，因为它以一种新的方式将各国凝聚在一起，共同致力于气候变暖问题。我认为现在的关键是落实。那么各国的实施状况如何呢？好坏参半。我们必须诚实地认识到这一点。有些国家正在向前迈进，但还有其他国家没有跟上脚步。我认为《巴黎协定》需要被真正地落实，因为在说的时候很容易能说得很好，但真正去做的时候情况就会不同，比如是否真的在逐步淘汰煤炭？在更多地引入可再生能源？在停止砍伐森林？这些都是所有国家需要警惕的。

Well, I think I think the overall effect is number one. It was a very it was a watershed moment because it brought countries together in a new way to work on climate. I think the key now is on implementation. So how are countries doing on implementation? And I think that's mixed. I think we have to be honest about that. I think some countries are moving forward in our meeting their targets, but I think there's others,that are further behind.  and so I think it really requires a level of diligence on the ground, because it's easy to have kind of a nice statement. But when it gets into, okay, are we facing out cold? Are we bringing in renewable energy? Are we stopping deforestation?  you know, that's where we need all countries to remain vigilant.