央行对气候风险的应对措施
根据现有文献，央行对于气候风险可能采取的应对措施主要在以下四个方面：
1、将与气候有关的风险纳入金融稳定监测和宏观审慎监督。与气候变化有关的风险有可能成为一种系统性风险，特别是在
市场没有对风险进行正确定价的时候。未来应监测和分析气候变化及其他冲击可能对货币
政策传导效率、经济周期、各银行和金融稳健程度的影响（NGFS, 2019；Giuzio, et al., 2019）。
2、将可持续性因素纳入自有资产的投资组合管理。比如，将环境、社会和治理（ESG）纳入央行自有资金和养老金投资组合的考量因素（NGFS, 2019）。
3、共享数据，弥补数据差距。应该加强企业的信息披露，公开透明的信息将有助于气候变化中的价格平稳（NGFS, 2019; Carney, 2015）。
4、提高管理能力，鼓励技术援助和知识共享。提高央行自身的监管能力，并与更多利益相关方合作，提高他们对于气候风险如何转化为金融风险的了解。同时，鼓励有关各方为提高对新兴和发展中经济体的认识和管理能力提供技术援助（NGFS, 2019）。
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